Structural Relationship between Ecotourism Motivation, Satisfaction, Place Attachment, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior Intention in Nature-Based Camping

This study aims to make an investigation on the relationship between ecotourism motivation (EM), satisfaction (SA), place attachment (PA), and environmentally responsible behavior intention (ER) based on the analysis of camping tourism andstudy the mediating roles of SA and PA in the relationship between EM and ER. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 400 camping tourists who visited the Yunnan Province of China within the last year. The distribution of survey questionnaires range from 12 February 2023–24 February 2023. The results reveal that EM positively influences SA, PA, and ER, whereas, although SA positively impacts PA, it does not significantly affect ER. In contrast, PA positively affects ER. Furthermore, PA has a positive mediating impact on the relationship between EM and ER, whereas, SA does not significantly mediate this relationship. Finally, SA and PA act as chain mediators between EM and ER. The findings contribute to the tourism literature by shedding light on the complex relationships between EM, SA, PA, and ER in the context of camping tourism, thereby, enhancing tourist satisfaction and promoting environmentally responsible behavior, thus, contributing to the growth of a sustainable camping industry.

Development and Current Situation of Forest Use by Camping Sites in Japan

After the Second World War, camping and camping sites in forests have developed and increased significantly from the 1980 s to 1990 s in Japan, relying on the laws and institutions established from the 1950 s to 1970 s across multiple administrative sectors, obtaining social approval as a legitimatized outdoor activity and forest use. Since the 2000s, the management of these camping sites has deteriorated mainly owing to economic recession, which caused the movement of camping site renewal by the private sector. This movement directed the diversification of forest use by camping sites in recent years. Camping facilities have been developed in many ways to meet the needs of campers, including organized group camps that promote education and experience in forests, solo camps, glamping, and workcations under the spread of the COVID-19 that demand relaxing or productive environment, and leisure camps that require enrichment of outdoor activities. As a result of this diversification, possibilities for effective utilization of forests and regional revitalization through the management of camping sites have been observed. Many camping sites have utilized forest lands, standing trees, and forest spaces to develop facilities and services, and there are cases where firewood production for campers has promoted the reorganization and development of local forestry and securing of personnel for forest management. In addition to securing local employment brought by reorganization, local revitalization in rural and mountainous areas has been promoted through the linkage of the needs of campers to positive economic effects, increase of the visitors who deeply connected to local people, and comprehensive and sustainable use of resources in local societies. © 2023 Nihon Ringakkai. All rights reserved.

Keeping patients safe from summertime illnesses

"5 However, more recent findings, such as the presentation of joint swelling without EM in Black children, are the result of research efforts to identify differences among racial and ethnic groups in presentations of disease symptoms, with the aim of greater diagnostic accuracy and reduced health care disparities.4 Treatment of Lyme disease Although most resources, such as the CDC's website,1 published articles and sites,2,3 and the Red Book,5 recommend that pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with Lyme disease receive an antibiotic, such as doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime (for penicillin-allergic patients), these publications differ in recommended dosage and duration of treatment. [...]PHCPs who are unfamiliar with antibiotic treatments for Lyme disease should consult with infectious disease specialists. Children who have evidence of Lyme carditis, Lyme arthritis, cranial neuritis, Lyme meningitis, or radiculoneuritis should immediately be referred to infectious disease and the appropriate pediatric specialists.2 Respiratory infections and health care inequities Although researchers have reported studies on racial and ethnic inequities among children related to respiratory diseases over the last 20 years, few randomized controlled trials have scientifically investigated the problem or have identified and rigorously investigated evidencebased interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a new focus in pediatric health care on the inequities experienced by Black, Hispanic, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Pacific Islander children living in poverty, who regularly experience a disproportionate number of respirator y illnesses and infections.6 Several studies have shown increased hospitalization rates for Blac k and H ispan ic children who contracted COVID-19.6 One team of researchers studying children from birth to 4 years old reported a hospitalization rate of 55% for Black and Hispanic children.7 For years, PHCPs have observed and treated children for asthma in all health care settings. Bhavnani et al reported that Black children had a 7-fold higher rate of emergency department visits compared with White children in 2019, 1 year before the pandemic began.8 However, the difference decreased to a 2-fold increase for Black children compared with White children in 2020, when COVID-19 measures such as masking, social distancing, and school closures were in place.8 Researchers are continuing to investigate why Black and Hispanic children are more vulnerable to upper respiratory infections with viruses such as influenza, rhinovirus, and adenovirus.8 Summertime prevention of respiratory infections Talking about prevention strategies with families is the first step toward reducing asthma episodes and exacerbations.

Political Identity, Risk Perception, and Sport Participation: Conditional Process Analysis of Golfers' Revisit Intent During the COVID Pandemic

A first-stage moderated mediation model consisting of general risk awareness of COVID-19, perceived risk of playing golf, and revisit intention was introduced to specify when and how political orientation influences an individual's decision to play golf again. Findings are discussed in the context of a dual process model of political identity, and the implications for practice as well as future research are presented. Consumers consciously or subconsciously conduct risk-benefit analysis for consumption choices, whether it is a careful piecemeal examination or a heuristic probe (Hespanhol et al., 2015). [...]golf was considered a safer recreational activity with relatively little risk of transmission than other activities where social distancing was either difficult or impossible (Robinson et al., 2021). [...]it is worth exploring the relationship between general risk awareness of the disease and domain-specific risk and how they influence individuals' decisions to play golf.

The effect of COVID-19 confinement on the activity behaviour of red deer.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected people's social habits, especially those related to outdoor activities. We intended to understand the effects of the two national lockdowns in Portugal on the presence and activity of a wild population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) by analysing data from camera traps installed at Lousã mountain, in the central part of Portugal. The cameras were set between 2019 and 2021, and a total of 2434 individual contacts of red deer and 182 contacts of people were recorded. Results showed a higher human presence in the mountain area during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially during the first lockdown in 2020 (0.05 ± 0.17 individuals/day), compared to the same period of the year before the pandemic (0.02 ± 0.05 individuals/day), which resulted in an increase of people by 150%. The increase in human presence did not have a significant direct effect on the presence of red deer. Despite the low overlap of activity patterns between people and red deer, deer showed avoidance behaviour in the 24 h after the detection of human presence on camera traps, as well as an increase in daily activity during the 2020 lockdown, showing red deer's awareness of human visitation. These results showed that people's increased search for cultural services in wild environments during COVID-19 lockdowns, such as hiking and biking, seemed to influence the population of red deer, albeit momentarily.

ALow Cost QuArm Band for Controlling Contagious Diseases

In the recent times it is found that there is a growing interest in the field of controlling the contagious diseases, especially after the outbreak of the novel COVID-19 (coronavirus). It still remains to be one of the biggest threats to humanity and people are dying and getting infected on a daily basis. Governments across the globe are trying their level best to contain the virus. They are also taking the necessary steps (e.g., travel bans, suspension of recreational and outdoor activities concerning mass audiences or public, isolation and contact tracing, social distancing, etc.). There are many patients who are undocumented just because they have coronavirus in their systems but they show no symptoms. Around 79% patients come under this category. It is to be noted that the total count of the number of cases at present in several countries differ from the actual people who are infected at present. This is because in the maj ority of cases, the symptoms show after a certain period of days and not just instantly. Also testing the whole population of a country in such a limited time is simply not possible. The World Health Organization recommended COVID-19 patients to isolate themselves from the healthy individuals in order to stop the spread of the disease. In order to ensure that this happens more efficiently and smoothly, in this paper an IoT based wearable band called QuArm band (i.e) Quarantine Arm band, which the patient can wear on his/her arm for tracking the real-time location of the patient to ensure that the quarantine rules are being followed is designed. This band is made keeping in mind the requirements of the public and the cost is set accordingly. Web interface alongside the band is made to retrieve the information. Notification on band tampering is also enabled. © 2022 IEEE.

Frequency of Dry Eye Diseases among Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Objective: To assess the frequency of dry eye among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Hafeez Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2021. Methodology: Children aged 7-15 years reporting to the PNS Hafeez Hospital, OPD were included in the study. A proforma was used to record the demographics and screen time of the children. In addition, an ophthalmic examination was conducted to assess the dry eye status of the children using the Schirmer-II test. Results: Seventy-three children participated in the study. Their mean age was 11.08±2.42 years. There were 40(54.8%) boys and 33 (45.2%) girls. These children had a mean daily screen time of 7.23±2.77hours. Children with dry eye had a greater amount of screen time (8.75±2.11hours) as compared to those with normal tear function (6.05±2.66 hours;p<0.001). In addition, the screen time of children with dry eyes was significantly greater than those with normal tear functions (p=0.001). Conclusion: Children with dry eyes were reported to have more screen time and more online classes than their counterparts with normal tear functions. Authorities should consider resuming face-to-face sessions for all school children.

Impact of COVID-19 on vacation recreational walking: Evidence from an urban coastal destination

This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on recreational walking while on vacation, a relevant activity among tourists especially in urban destinations. We surveyed visitors to Costa Daurada, an urban coastal destination in Catalonia in August 2020. Only 5% of participants reported lower recreational walking levels compared to normal circumstances;75% reported similar levels;and 20% reported higher levels. Higher recreational walking levels were associated with visiting local amenities or strolling and with a higher level of perceived safety from COVID-19 when walking. Higher perceived overcrowding was associated with less recreational walking. The pandemic may have altered recreational behavior while on vacation in urban settings especially by increasing outdoor activities such as recreational walking. If persistent, such behavioral changes could have relevant implications for both the tourism and recreation sectors and for local policymakers who aim to promote walkability while managing tourist pedestrian flows.

The Influence of Outdoor Activities and Campus Landscape on University Students' Subjective Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 is reshaping the relationship between humans and their living environment, potentially generating a profound impact on human physical and mental health and quality of life. The objective of this study was to explore how outdoor activities and the campus landscape impacted the subjective well-being (SWB) of Chinese university students in the pre-COVID-19 era (before December 2019) and during the COVID-19 era (from December 2019 to early December 2022). This study collected 439 valid questionnaires from students at a Chinese university, with the questions focusing on the frequency and length of time that university students of different genders, grades, and abilities to cover their living expenses participated in outdoor activities in the pre- and COVID-19 eras, as well as the changes in their SWB. Paired sample t tests revealed a significant decrease in SWB during the COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era, while independent sample t tests and a one-way ANOVA showed that changes in the SWB of university students pre- and during COVID-19 were not related to their gender or their ability to cover their living expenses, but were related to their grades. Hierarchical linear regression showed that outdoor activities in the COVID-19 era had a significant effect on mitigating the decline in students' SWB. These results suggest a proactive way to increase resilience to future public health challenges and other crises of human life safety. © 2023 by the authors.

Spatial Identification, Prevention and Control of Epidemics in High-Rise Residential Areas Based on Wind Environments

The wind environment in residential areas can exert a direct or indirect influence on the spread of epidemics, with some scholars paying particular attention to the epidemic prevention and control of residential areas from the perspective of wind environments. As a result, it is urgent to re-examine the epidemic prevention response of residential spaces. Taking high-rise residential areas in Xi'an as an example, the article defines the air flow field area based on on-site wind environment measurements, crowd behavior annotation, and CFD simulation. Using the double-effect superposition of crowd behavior and risk space, the paper undertook a multiple identification strategy of epidemic prevention space. The identification methods and management and control strategies of epidemic prevention in high-rise residential areas are proposed. Additionally, the living environment of residential areas is optimized, and a healthy residential space is created. The transformation from concept and calls for action to space implementation is made to provide a reference for improving the space management and control capabilities in high-rise residential areas in China. The results of this study can be used as a guideline for future residential planning and design from the perspective of preventing airborne diseases.

Sustainable Outdoor Education: Organisations Connecting Children and Young People with Nature through the Arts

There is an increasing concern regarding the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people;as a result, schools are increasingly expected to provide support, but they have few resources to do so. As such, there is a need for establishing mechanisms for supporting the health and wellbeing of children and young people that are relatively easy and cost-effective and that can be embedded within the school day to ensure sustainability. The overarching aim of our Branching Out project was to understand how successful elements from one such programme that supports children's mental health through the art-in-nature-based practice can be expanded from school-based approaches that reach small numbers of children to include whole communities. This paper reports on one strand that examined the practice of organisations offering arts and/or nature-based activities outdoors in schools, either as part of the curriculum or as an extra-curricular activity. Survey questions served as an a priori thematic framework around the characteristics of arts-in-nature activities delivered;the perceived impacts of activities;working with volunteers, teachers, and schools;and barriers to expansion and sustainability. Despite extensive searching, identifying, and recruiting relevant arts organisations was difficult;however, respondents strongly supported the notion that the arts-in-nature practice has a positive impact on children and young people's connection to nature, supports their mental health and wellbeing, and engages them with their local environment. Yet, challenges were identified in engaging teachers and schools and funding such projects, suggesting a need for a multi-professional approach to creating more sustainable and impactful practice for children, young people, and communities.

Learning Media Application about Covid-19 with Augmented Reality Technology

The Covid-19 pandemic has given many changes to aspects of human life. The spread also occurs quickly and to all groups. Therefore, social interaction must be reduced, especially outdoor activities where many people can meet. To reduce the chain of the spread of Covid-19, education is needed regarding coronavirus and how to prevent Covid-19. Education is intended for the wider community including children. Providing education will be carried out through an application containing information about Covid-19 and how to prevent it. Children will be our main target in carrying out this education. They need to get adequate education so that they can easily understand and participate in efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 which has been proclaimed by the government. This application will take advantage of the technology Augmented Reality. Augmented Reality is a combination of technology between the real world and the virtual world that is presented in the real world so that it can be felt directly in the real world. The way AR works in the application is by pointing the camera through the application towards the poster provided by the application, then it will display a Covid-19 prevention pop-up containing an animated video. By utilizing AR technology and animated videos on Covid-19 prevention measures, children will find it easier to understand and apply them. © 2022 IEEE.

A Comparison of the Instructor-Trainee Dance Dataset Using Cosine similarity, Euclidean distance, and Angular difference

The COVID-19 outbreak has restricted most outdoor activities, leads to increasing interest in exercise at home with online trainers. One issue of online exercise technology is the safety since improper motion might result in injury. As a basis to prevent improper motion, methods for evaluating the motion similarity between an instructor and a trainee are essential. Cosine similarity, Angular difference, and Euclidean distance are three general ways for the motion evaluation. This study aimed to determine the most effective way for analyzing the similarity of human motion on the dataset of instructor-led dances. We first experimented with the data to find the appropriate cut-off value for classifying posture into two classes based on the similarity score. Confusion matrix, precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy of the results were then used to compare the efficiency. We discovered that Cosine similarity had the highest accuracy, 82.77 percent at cut-off 93. © 2022 IEEE.

Raising Healthy Children: Promoting the Multiple Benefits of Green Open Spaces through Biophilic Design

Several studies have indicated that children who grow up in green environments enjoy beneficial impacts on their development. However, to date, very little attention has been paid to the types and characteristics of dedicated public open green space for children. In addition, studies on biophilic design that could help landscape architects to design open spaces for children are limited. In order to fill this gap, this perspective examines the scientific literature on the relationship between open spaces and children. The authors specifically discuss and analyze the following points: (1) pathways to and effects on children's health and well-being;(2) types and characteristics of open spaces for child-dedicated facilities (e.g., schools, hospitals, fitness camps, playgrounds, etc.), as well as for child-friendly urban open spaces. Finally, the authors provide inspiring examples and case studies of biophilic design for children's health and well-being. Conclusions from this perspective show that biophilic design could benefit both the physical and mental health of children, as well as improve children's overall resilience to pandemics and other diseases. This perspective provides, for the first time, new insights for designing biophilic and child-friendly cities, and explores areas of future research.

Ripensare le visite didattiche dopo la pandemia

. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown us that every educational institution has a duty to value more than outdoor activities and artistic and cultural heritage. In fact, at times of lock-down they have been missed by students and teachers alike. However, it is risk management that holds teachers back from implementing non-indoor activities (and always staying inside the school walls). This paper proposes an examination of these issues, the purpose of which is to promote a culture of heritage capitalization that has the school as one of its most active promoters.

Indicators of Geographic Potential and Business Opportunities for the Development of Active Tourism: Kayaking in Poland

Poland’s natural and geographical features, including an abundance of rivers and lakes, create favorable conditions for the development of kayaking tourism. Poland is one of the leading European countries in terms of the number of kayaking trails. The aim of this study was to propose indicators for assessing the potential of Poland’s water resources for the development of kayaking activities. This research was pursued in several stages. The number of rivers where kayaking tours are organized was determined in the first stage of the study. Indicators describing the potential of the existing water bodies for the promotion of kayaking tourism were proposed in the second stage. The study produced surprising results. The number of kayaking tour operators has increased considerably in recent years, and new water tourism centers have been established in the vicinity of large urban areas. The popularity of well-established kayaking destinations in Warmia-Masuria, Podlasie and Western Pomerania, i.e., Polish regions with considerable potential for the development of water tourism, has declined. The study revealed that the success of kayaking businesses is presently determined by other factors, and further research is needed to identify these determinants.

The relationship of rural tourism with sustainable tourism and outdoor activities: A bibliometric analysis

A bibliometric study is a method used to evaluate the productivity of scientific results in quantitative terms. Bibliometricians apply mathematical and statistical methods to quantify scholarly communications. Using the Bibliometrix program, a database compiled from SCOPUS and Web of science was studied to study the different scientific and literary behaviours of rural tourism development, tourism sustainability, and outdoor activities. In the main database steps, 161 articles were analysed, of which 61 were SCOPUS articles, and 100 were Web of Science articles. As per this database, the relationship between rural tourism with sustainable tourism and outdoor activities, through a bibliometric analysis, looks to study the annual scientific production, the research impact, the authors, and articles most relevant to the themes of research trends over the years. Several interesting and important conclusions were obtained from these results for developing the themes. The results of this study indicate that sustainable tourism and rural tourism have extreme relevance to the studies carried out. Hence, rural tourism and outdoor activities are increasingly sustaining a relationship of partnership, much due to the influences of COVID-19. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

An Analytical Study Of Positive Impacts COVID 19 Outbreaks On Family Life

Family is a fundamental unit of every society and plays a vital role in providing strong and happy environment, guidance, protection of children and fostering harmonious social development. The outbreak of COVID-19 has severely affected the families nationally and globally by disrupting their routines and recreational activities. The current study aims to highlight the impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on family life such as: family resilience, patient to face the harsh circumstances, close family bonds, cooperation and share in housework with family members. One of the major positive impacts of COVID-19 is an increase of interaction between family members by spending more times with each other. Moreover, families got more opportunity to spend time with their children, educate them at home, and arrange more indoor activities for them that help them to improve their skills. The paper concludes that besides the negative impacts, COVID 19 has many positive and beneficial changes in family life such as, getting more opportunity to spend time with family members and children, work-family balance, the ability to work from home and peace of life in general. This paper will be helpful in highlighting and recognizing the importance of the family during the pandemic COVID 19.

Outdoor Activity Associated with Higher Self-Reported Emotional Well-Being During COVID-19.

Shifts in activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic might have impacted the benefits of outdoor activities for mental health. By leveraging an existing mobile application, we collected self-reported data on daily outdoor activities, emotional well-being, and the influence of COVID-19 on participant's outdoor activity levels during April-July 2020. Individuals reporting outdoor activities, in greenspaces or in their residence, had higher well-being scores and this effect increased with age. Self-reported impacts of COVID-19 on emotional well-being were associated with lower well-being scores. This work suggests that outdoor activities may have improved mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Can Online Learning about UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Change the Perception on SDGs and Different Aspects of Sustainability between Japanese and International Students?

Sustainability is one of the main global concerns to deal with and know-how about is it important for the unprecedented survival to cope with the social, political, economic, and energy scarcity issues. Higher institutions are important learning places which can play the role of transformation and create the opportunities and avenues in order to minimize the barriers towards more sustainable future. In this research study, an online training program for the understanding of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Sustainability was designed. Students from different Japanese and International Universities were invited for two weeks of training program. A Comprehensive questionnaire was designed in which students were introduced about UNESCO Biosphere reserves, SDGs, and different concepts of sustainability. The analysis of the statistical results confirm that the understanding of the students has improved after the online training program about SDGs and different aspects of sustainability. The results imply that the understanding of the international students about SDGs and sustainability is more as compared with the Japanese students. In 14 out of 17 SDGs, the familiarity of international students is more as compared with their counterparts. In this exploratory study, some of the challenges faced by the universities are also identified which impede the efforts for the implementation of goals and initiatives towards sustainable development. It has been concluded that the universities must design dedicated training programs to seize the opportunities for improving the understanding of the students and promotion of sustainable initiatives by using UNESCO Biosphere Reserves as learning platforms through innovation in teaching, research, and trainings. The possible limitations of this research study can be;(a) it involves the professionals about SDGs, which might have made the online training program as intensive one, giving some vague idea about SDGs and sustainability to the students, (b) though the personal information of the students were not gathered, however, the broader scope of the research study have provided strong international base which can be used as an adequate profile of sustainability and comprehension of SDGs currently being found in the universities. Design of practical implications is imperative for stimulating the creativity and autonomy about the comprehension of SDGs and sustainability to meet the demands of present and future challenges imposed for sustainable development.